Executive Summary
This study examines the role of civil society organizations in Lebanon’s emergency response landscape, with a focus on the 2024 Israeli war (17 September–28 November 2024). It situates these findings within a broader historical and regional context, analyzing Lebanon’s experiences across multiple crises, including the civil war (1990–1975), the 2006 Israeli war, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Beirut Port Blast. Across these events, CSOs consistently acted as first responders, filling critical gaps left by limited state capacity, fragmented coordination mechanisms, and under-resourced social protection systems.
